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Japanese History makers / 日本史の人物

“The First Caucasian Samurai” Hiragana Times picked this topic for its ‘Japanese History makers’ in the September 2009 issue.

There is another topic, Are the Japanese Obsessed with Tests? for ‘Cross-Cultural Barrier’ in the September 2009 issue.

For more information about the latest issue, please click here.

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最初の青い眼のサムライ
The First Caucasian Samurai
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ウィリアム・アダムズ/三浦 按針
William ADAMS / MIURA Anjin

イギリス人ウィリアム・アダムズ--ジェームス・クラベルのベストセラー「将軍」の主人公、ジョン・ブラックソーンのモデルになった人物--は、数奇な運命をたどった。
Englishman William Adams – the inspiration for the character of John Blackthorne in James Clavell’s best selling book “Shogun” – led a checkered life.

アダムズは12歳で造船所の仕事に就いた。
At the age of 12 he was apprenticed to a shipyard owner.

次第に航海術に興味を抱くようになり、イギリス海軍に入る。
Gradually he took an interest in navigation and entered the Royal Navy.

1589年、結婚し、娘と息子をもうけた。
In 1589, he married and had a daughter and son.

その後、民間会社の航海士となる。
After that, he became a ship’s pilot for a private company.

34歳のとき、極東貿易を目指すオランダの会社の船団に加わった。
At the age of 34 Adams took part in a Dutch company’s fleet to the Far East for trading.

当時はその地域の情報はほとんどなく、航海は大冒険だった。
At that time, information about the region was scarce and the voyage was very adventurous.

1598年にロッテルダムを出航した5隻の船団はマゼラン海峡を抜け、太平洋を目指した。
In 1598 a five ship fleet set sail from Rotterdam and headed for the Pacific Ocean through the Straits of Magellan.

だが、アダムズが乗った船以外は、途中で捕らわれたり、沈没したりした。
But all but the ship Adams was on was captured or sank on the way.

1600年4月アダムズの漂流船は現在の大分県に着いた。
In April 1600, his drifting ship arrived at present-day Oita Prefecture.

オランダなどの国々と対立するポルトガルのイエズス会宣教師はアダムズの船を海賊船と決めつけ、乗組員の処刑を要求した。
Portuguese Jesuit priests, who were opposed to certain countries including the Netherlands, claimed that Adams’ ship was a pirate vessel and requested that the crew should be executed.

幕府の実力者、徳川家康は、乗組員の説明を聞いた。
TOKUGAWA Ieyasu, who was a dominant figure in the shogunate, heard their explanations.

家康はアダムズが造船や航海術などの知識があることを知り、処罰を取りやめた。
Ieyasu learnt that Adams was knowledgeable about such things as shipbuilding and navigation, and they went unpunished.

半年後、日本の二大勢力の間で起きた関ヶ原の戦いで、家康は勝利する。
A half year later the battle of Sekigahara took place between the two major powers in Japan and Ieyasu won.

アダムズは帰国許可を願い出るが、家康は拒否した。
Adams asked him for permission to leave Japan, but he refused.

その代わり、高待遇を与え、西洋の強国や文明に関する顧問として重用した。
Instead, Ieyasu provided Adams with a generous income and used him as his personal advisor on all things related to Western powers and civilization.

帰国がむずかしいと悟ったアダムズは、日本人女性と結婚し、一男一女をもうけた。
Realizing it was hard to return home, Adams married a Japanese woman and had a son and a daughter.

アダムズは、英国への手紙の中で、日本人についてこう伝えている。「日本人は性格が良く、とても礼儀正しく、戦では勇敢だ」と。
Adams described the Japanese in one letter to England as follows: “The Japanese are good of nature, courteous above measures, and valiant in war.”

1604年、アダムズは将軍となった家康から西洋船造りを依頼される。
In 1604, Adams was ordered by Ieyasu, who had become shogun, to build Western-style ships.

家康は出来上がりに満足し、将軍の直属の武士として高い地位を与え、さらに三浦地方に領土を与えた。
Ieyasu was satisfied with his accomplishment and gave Adams a highly prestigious position as a direct retainer in the Shogun’s court and granted him a fiefdom in the Miura region.

そして、三浦按針と名前を変えるように命じた。
Then he ordered Adams to change his name to Miura Anjin.

「三浦」は三浦地方から、「按針」は(西洋への)水先案内人に由来する。
Miura comes from the Miura region and Anjin a pilot (to the West).

十分な財産を持ったアダムズは、イギリスの妻には定期的に仕送りした。
With enough assets, Adams sent support payments regularly to his English wife.

55歳で亡くなったが、遺言には、残したお金はイギリスと日本の家族に平等に分け与えるとあった。
He died at the age of 55. In his will he left money to be divided evenly between his family in England and in Japan.